Integrated Pest Management

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has had a varied history, with different definitions. It has been implemented under an array of different connotations (Lewis et al., 1997). The term was earlier used as ‘‘integrated control’’ by Bartlett (Bartlett, 1956) and was further elaborated on by Stern and co-workers (Stern et al., 1959). In reference to the concept of integrating the use of bio‐ logical and other controls in complementary ways, the term was later broadened to embrace co‐ ordinated use of all biological, cultural, and artificial practices (van den Bosch and Stern, 1962). The term ‘‘IPM,’’ under various authors have advocated for the principle of incorporating, the full array of pest management practices with production objectives in a total systemic ap‐ proach. Nonetheless, there is no universally agreed definition of IPM.